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Feeding & Nutrition 5 Min Read July 10, 2026

Basic Horse Nutrition: What Every Owner Should Know

Equine nutrition is simpler than the supplement aisle suggests. Get forage, water and salt right and most horses need very little else.

Forage first, always

A horse’s digestive system is built for a steady trickle of fibre, not large grain meals. Aim for roughly 1.5 to 2 percent of bodyweight in forage daily. Skimping on it invites ulcers, colic and stable vices.

Water and salt

Clean, unfrozen water at all times, and loose salt available free-choice. Dehydration is a quiet cause of impaction colic, particularly in winter when horses drink less.

When to add concentrate

Add grain when forage alone cannot maintain condition and workload — a hard-working horse, a hard keeper, a broodmare in late gestation. Many horses in light work need nothing more than good hay and a vitamin-mineral balancer to fill nutritional gaps.

Change slowly

The gut microbiome adapts to a diet over days, not hours. Any change to hay or feed should be phased over seven to ten days. Sudden change is one of the more preventable causes of colic.

Frequently asked questions

Does every horse need grain?

No. Many maintain healthy weight and energy on forage alone, especially in light work. Grain fills a gap that may not exist.

How much hay does a horse need daily?

Roughly 1.5 to 2 percent of bodyweight in forage. For a 1,000 lb horse that is about 15 to 20 lbs of hay.

How do I transition to new feed?

Gradually, over seven to ten days, mixing increasing amounts of the new with decreasing amounts of the old.

Are supplements necessary?

Not by default. They are most useful for a specific identified issue, once forage, water and salt are already right.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Does every horse need grain?

No. Many maintain healthy weight and energy on forage alone, especially in light work. Grain fills a gap that may not exist.

How much hay does a horse need daily?

Roughly 1.5 to 2 percent of bodyweight in forage. For a 1,000 lb horse that is about 15 to 20 lbs of hay.

How do I transition to new feed?

Gradually, over seven to ten days, mixing increasing amounts of the new with decreasing amounts of the old.

Are supplements necessary?

Not by default. They are most useful for a specific identified issue, once forage, water and salt are already right.